What is SAM? SAM is short for Security Accounts Manager, which is located on the PDC and has information on all user accounts and passwords. Most of the time while the PDC is running, it is being accessed or used. What do I do with a copy of SAM? You get passwords. First use a copy of SAMDUMP.EXE to extract the user info out of it. You do not need to import this data into the Registry of your home machine to play with it. You can simply load it up into one of the many applications for cracking passwords, such as L0phtCrack, which is available from: http://www.L0phtCrack.com Of interest to hackers is the fact that all access control and assorted parameters are located in the Registry. The Registry contains thousands of individual items of data, and is grouped together into "keys" or some type of optional value. These keys are grouped together into subtrees -- placing like keys together and making copies of others into separate trees for more convenient system access. The Registry is divided into four separate subtrees. These subtrees are called HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT HKEY_CURRENT_USER HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE HKEY_USERS We'll go through them from most important to the hacker to least important to the hacker. First and foremost is the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE subtree. It contains five different keys. These keys are as follows: SAM and SECURITY - These keys contain the info such as user rights, user and group info for the domain (or workgroup if there is no domain), and passwords. In the NT hacker game of capture the flag, this is the flag. Bag this and all bets are off. The keys are binary data only (for security reasons) and are typically not accessible unless you are an Administrator or in the Administrators group. It is easier to copy the data and play with it offline than to work on directly. HARDWARE - this is a storage database of throw-away data that describes the hardware components of the computer. Device drivers and applications build this database during boot and update it during runtime (although most of the database is updated during the boot process). When the computer is rebooted, the data is built again from scratch. It is not recommended to directly edit this particular database unless you can read hex easily. There are three subkeys under HARDWARE, these are the Description key, the DeviceMap key, and the ResourceMap key. The Description key has describes each hardware resource, the DeviceMap key has data in it specific to individual groups of drivers, and the ResourceMap key tells which driver goes with which resource. SYSTEM - This key contains basic operating stuff like what happens at startup, what device drivers are loaded, what services are in use, etc. These are split into ControlSets which have unique system configurations (some bootable, some not), with each ControlSet containing service data and OS components for that ControlSet. Ever had to boot from the "Last Known Good" configuration because something got hosed? That is a ControlSet stored here. SOFTWARE - This key has info on software loaded locally. File associations, OLE info, and some miscellaneous configuration data is located here. The second most important main key is HKEY_USERS. It contains a subkey for each local user who accesses the system, either locally or remotely. If the server is a part of a domain and logs in across the network, their subkey is not stored here, but on a Domain Controller. Things such as Desktop settings and user profiles are stored here. The third and fourth main keys, HKEY_CURRENT_USER and HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT, contain copies of portions of HKEY_USERS and HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE respectively. HKEY_CURRENT_USER contains exactly would you would expect a copy of the subkey from HKEY_USERS of the currently logged in user. HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT contains a part of HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE, specifically from the SOFTWARE subkey. File associations, OLE configuration and dependency information.

Normal 0 false false false MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:#0400; mso-fareast-language:#0400; mso-bidi-language:#0400;} Hives are the major subdivisions of all of these subtrees, keys, subkeys, and values that make up the Registry. They contain "related" data. All hives are stored in %systemroot%\SYSTEM32\CONFIG. The major hives and their files are as follows: Hive File Backup File HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY SECURITY SECURITY.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM SAM SAM.LOG HKEY_CURRENT_USER USERxxx ADMINxxx USERxxx.LOG ADMINxxx.LOG HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT.LOG Hackers should look for the SAM file, with the SAM.LOG file as a secondary target. This contains the password info. Hive File Backup File HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE SOFTWARE SOFTWARE.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY SECURITY SECURITY.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM SYSTEM SYSTEM.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM SAM SAM.LOG HKEY_CURRENT_USER USERxxx ADMINxxx USERxxx.LOG ADMINxxx.LOG HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT DEFAULT DEFAULT.LOG Hackers should look for the SAM file, with the SAM.LOG file as a secondary target. This contains the password info. For ease of use, the Registry is divided into five separate structures that represent the Registry database in its entirety. These five groups are known as Keys, and are discussed below: HKEY_CURRENT_USER This registry key contains the configuration information for the user that is currently logged in. The users folders, screen colors, and control panel settings are stored here. This information is known as a User Profile. HKEY_USERS In windowsNT 3.5x, user profiles were stored locally (by default) in the systemroot\system32\config directory. In NT4.0, they are stored in the systemroot\profiles directory. User-Specific information is kept there, as well as common, system wide user information. This change in storage location has been brought about to parallel the way in which Windows95 handles its user profiles. In earlier releases of NT, the user profile was stored as a single file - either locally in the \config directory or centrally on a server. In windowsNT 4, the single user profile has been broken up into a number of subdirectories located below the \profiles directory. The reason for this is mainly due to the way in which the Win95 and WinNT4 operating systems use the underlying directory structure to form part of their new user interface. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE This key contains configuration information particular to the computer. This information is stored in the systemroot\system32\config directory as persistent operating system files, with the exception of the volatile hardware key. The information gleaned from this configuration data is used by applications, device drivers, and the WindowsNT 4 operating system. The latter usage determines what system configuration data to use, without respect to the user currently logged on. For this reason the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE regsitry key is of specific importance to administrators who want to support and troubleshoot NT 4. HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE is probably the most important key in the registry and it contains five subkeys: Hardware: Database that describes the physical hardware in the computer, the way device drivers use that hardware, and mappings and related data that link kernel-mode drivers with various user-mode code. All data in this sub-tree is re-created everytime the system is started. SAM: The security accounts manager. Security information for user and group accounts and for the domains in NT 4 server. Security: Database that contains the local security policy, such as specific user rights. This key is used only by the NT 4 security subsystem. Software: Pre-computer software database. This key contains data about software installed on the local computer, as well as configuration information. System: Database that controls system start-up, device driver loading, NT 4 services and OS behavior. Information about the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM Key This subtree contains the user and group accounts in the SAM database for the local computer. For a computer that is running NT 4, this subtree also contains security information for the domain. The information contained within the SAM registry key is what appears in the user interface of the User Manager utility, as well as in the lists of users and groups that appear when you make use of the Security menu commands in NT4 explorer. Information about the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Security key This subtree contains security information for the local computer. This includes aspects such as assigning user rights, establishing password policies, and the membership of local groups, which are configurable in User Manager. HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT The information stored here is used to open the correct application when a file is opened by using Explorer and for Object Linking and Embedding. It is actually a window that reflects information from the HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software subkey. HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG The information contained in this key is to configure settings such as the software and device drivers to load or the display resolution to use. This key has a software and system subkeys, which keep track of configuration information. Understanding Hives The registry is divided into parts called hives. These hives are mapped to a single file and a .LOG file. These files are in the systemroot\system32\config directory. Registry Hive File Name HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SAM SAM and SAM.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SECURITY Security and Security.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE Software and Software.LOG HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM System and System.ALT

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Logon wallpaper is the wallpaper or image that windows xp shows on screen when windows logs on (before it asks for username & password) . It?s usually set to the image-logo of the brand(manufacturer) of our computer (e.g. in compaq laptops). Now we can set it to our own image or any other image(any bmp file) by following trick. Open Startmenu->Run type regedit and press ok to open registry editor.(shows a tree like structure of directories at left) In that hierarchical structure in left, navigate to registry entry HKEY_USERS\.DEFAULT\Control Panel\Desktop In right side pane see a number of values placed in a table format. choose the value named Wallpaper from there and double click it. Now you see a box with value name as Wallpaper and value data as Path to the image file .There give the full path of the image(bmp file) which you want to set as logon wallpaper by deleting previous path and writing path to your bmp file e.g. C:\WINDOWS\lon.BMP (to set image lon.BMP file as log on wall paper). Also double click on WallpaperStyle and change it?s value to 2 to get a stretched wallpaper at logon. Put that bmp file in windows directory for better results. If that is a jpeg file, convert to bmp file by opening in Windows Image Viewer and save as bmp.

Get all the keyboard shortcuts for new Google Chrome Beta. You may download it from http://www.google.com/chrome/ Window and tab shortcuts Ctrl+N Open a new window Ctrl+Shift+N Open a new window in incognito mode Press Ctrl , and click a link Open link in a new tab Press Shift , and click a link Open link in a new window Alt+F4 Close current window Ctrl+T Open a new tab Ctrl+Shift+T Reopen the last tab you've closed. Google Chrome remembers the last 10 tabs you've closed. Drag link to tab Open link in specified tab Drag link to space between tabs Open link in a new tab in the specified position on the tab strip Ctrl+1 through Ctrl+8 Switch to the tab at the specified position number. The number you press represents a position on the tab strip. Ctrl+9 Switch to the last tab Ctrl+Tab or Ctrl+PgDown Switch to the next tab Ctrl+Shift+Tab or Ctrl+PgUp Switch to the previous tab Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 Close current tab or pop-up Alt+Home Open your homepage Ctrl+O , then select file Open a file from your computer in Google Chrome Address bar shortcuts Do one of the following actions in the address bar: Type a search term Perform a search using your default search engine Type the part of the web address that's between 'www.' and '.com', then press Ctrl+Enter Add www.and .com to your input in the address bar and open the web address Type a search engine keyword or URL, press Tab , then type a search term Perform a search using the search engine associated with the keyword or the URL. Google Chrome prompts you to press Tab if it recognizes the search engine you're trying to use. F6 or Ctrl+L or Alt+D Highlight content in the web address area Type a web address, then press Alt+Enter Open your web address in a new tab Shortcuts to open Google Chrome features Ctrl+B Toggle bookmarks bar on and off Ctrl+H View the History page Ctrl+J View the Downloads page Shift+Escape View the Task manager Webpage shortcuts Ctrl+P Print your current page F5 Reload current page Esc Stop page loading Ctrl+F5 or Shift+F5 Reload current page, ignoring cached content Press Alt , and click a link Download link Ctrl+F Open find-in-page box Ctrl+G or F3 Find next match for your input in the find-in-page box Ctrl+Shift+G or Shift+F3 Find previous match for your input in the find-in-page box Ctrl+U View source Drag link to bookmarks bar Bookmark the link Ctrl+D Bookmark your current webpage Ctrl++ Make text larger Ctrl+- Make text smaller Ctrl+0 Return to normal text size Text shortcuts Highlight content, then press Ctrl+C Copy content to the clipboard Place your cursor in a text field, then press Ctrl+V or Shift+Insert Paste current content from the clipboard Place your cursor in a text field, then press Ctrl+Shift+V Paste current content from the clipboard without formatting Highlight content in a text field, then press Ctrl+X or Shift+Delete Delete the content and copy it to the clipboard More Shortcuts: Backspace , or press Alt and the left arrow together Go to the previous page in your browsing history for the tab Shift+Backspace , or press Alt and the right arrow together Go to the next page in your browsing history for the tab Ctrl+K or Ctrl+E Places a '?' in the address bar. Type a search term after the '?' to perform a search using your default search engine. Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl and the left arrow together Jump to the previous word in the address bar Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl and the right arrow together Jump to the next word in the address bar Place your cursor in the address bar, then press Ctrl+Backspace Delete the previous word in the address bar Space bar Scroll down the web page Home Go to the top of the page End Go to the bottom of the page

A runtime error is a computer error that appears in the form of a message box consisting of a particular code and computer becomes noticeably slow before a runtime error appears. No sooner the runtime error message has been displayed and closed, the software showing this error would normally hang or close automatically. In some cases, the operating system may reboot. A wide variety of errors cause these problems. which include: conflicts between the TSR (Terminate and Stay Resident Program)and other currently running applications; software issues; memory problems; and harmful applications such as computer viruses. With this, the procedures necessary to correct this type of error differs from one case to another. If the runtime error you are experiencing were caused by a TSR then you can simply use the "end task" function of the Task Manager. If you consequently encounter a runtime error that is persistent, the software that displays the error message has certain issues and problems. You can resolve this problem by visiting the website of the software's developer and downloading and installing all the updates and patches needed for the smooth running of the software. However, if you have already installed all updates and patches and the runtime error message still appears, you can opt to uninstall and reinstall the program. Another type of runtime error is usually caused by memory issues. In this case, it is a good idea to first contact the developer of the application that caused the error message. More often than not, they can provide you with a possible set of solutions. But if their given solutions cannot resolve the issues, you need to contact the manufacturer of your computer or motherboard and ask for a technician or someone from the company who can assess your hardware. A different type of runtime error is caused by harmful programs such as viruses and other malicious processes. These harmful programs are capable of altering the computer's settings. With this, they are very much capable of generating runtime errors. In order to prevent runtime errors that are caused by such malicious programs, you need to frequently update your software security application. If your PC does not have a good software security program, you need to install one and scan your computer for possible threats to the stability of your system and the security of your private data.

As Windows Vista features some fundamental changes to the way the operating system works, some older applications may not function properly under Vista. To help get around this snag, the Microsoft developers have included the ability to set compatibility settings on a per application basis. This may allow you to run programs that otherwise would not load properly. To do this, right click on the main application file and click Properties . Then, click on the Compatibility tab at the top of the window. You can then tick the " Run this program in compatibility mode for... " box and choose the operating system the application is designed to run under (i.e. Windows XP). You can also choose any other options, such as running at a reduced resolution, then click OK . Hopefully this will then let you run the application, but you may need to try several compatibility settings to find which works best for a troublesome application.

Do you have a folder that you'd like to be able to open quickly and easily whenever you want? If you create a keyboard shortcut for that folder, you can open it anytime by pressing a key combination, no matter which other programs you have open. To create a keyboard shortcut to open a folder, follow as below: 1. Click on Start , All Programs , Accessories , and then click Windows Explorer . 2. In Windows Explorer (the program that appears when you open folders such as My Computer, My Documents, My Pictures, or My Music), right-click the folder to which you want instant access, click Send To , and then click Desktop . 3. On your desktop, right-click the new shortcut, and then click Properties . 4. On the Shortcut tab, click in the Shortcut key box. Now press the letter on your keyboard that you want to use to open the folder. Note: In the Shortcut key box, Microsoft Windows XP automatically adds CTRL+ALT before the key you press, because to use the shortcut to open a folder, you have to hold down both the CTRL and ALT keys simultaneously, while pressing the letter you chose. This way, your folder won't open every time you type that letter. 5. Click OK . 6. Now test your shortcut. Hold down the CTRL and ALT keys, and then press the letter you chose. This tip can be applied to folders, programs, and text file shortcuts that are placed on the desktop.

To do this Keyboard Shortcut Zoom to 50 percent ALT+1 Zoom to 100 percent ALT+2 Zoom to 200 percent ALT+3 Show video in full screen ALT+ENTER Switch to previous view (same as Back button) ALT+LEFT ARROW Switch to next view (same as Forward button) ALT+RIGHT ARROW Switch to full mode CTRL+1 Switch to skin mode CTRL+2 Switch to the first view in a media category after Recently Added, such as Artist in Music CTRL+7 Switch to the second view in a media category after Recently Added, such as Album in Music CTRL+8 Switch to the third view in a media category after Recently Added, such as Songs in Music CTRL+9 Play the previous item CTRL+B Move the focus to the search box in the library CTRL+E Play the next item CTRL+F Turn shuffle on or off CTRL+H Eject CD or DVD (except on computers with two or more CD or DVD disc drives) CTRL+J Show or hide the Classic Menus (menu bar) in full mode CTRL+M Create a playlist CTRL+N Open a file CTRL+O Play or pause a file CTRL+P Stop playback CTRL+S Rewind video CTRL+SHIFT+B Turn captions and subtitles on or off CTRL+SHIFT+C Fast-forward through video or music CTRL+SHIFT+F Play faster than normal speed (time compression) CTRL+SHIFT+G Play at normal speed CTRL+SHIFT+N Play slower than normal speed (time expansion) CTRL+SHIFT+S Repeat the playlist CTRL+T Specify either a URL or path of a file CTRL+U Close or stop playing a file CTRL+W Open Help F1 Show the Classic Menus (menu bar) F10 Switch to full-screen mode F11 Edit media information on a selected item in the library F2 Add media files to the library F3 Change how items are displayed in the Details pane by using the options available with the View Options button F4 Refresh information in the panes F5 Increase the size of album art F6 Mute the volume F7 Decrease the volume F8 Increase the volume F9 Decrease the size of album art SHIFT+F6

Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Windows Vista enhances the Internet Explorer® experience. The upcoming release of Windows® Internet Explorer 7® not only adds important new security and privacy features, but makes everyday tasks easier through features such as tabbed browsing, inline search, and shrink-to-fit printing. So, depending on the page you are viewing and the resolution of your monitor you can adjust the text to fit the situation. This can make some web pages easier to read. Adjusting them can also enhance the visual nature of the page, larger text and larger images, if that is important for the page. Anytime you need them, you also have access to the familiar menus of previous versions of IE and this is just if you want the menus on all the time. Most common functions are easily available from the menu bar buttons without the classic menus . Thus the menus may become obsolete for you as you familiarize yourself with the aspects of Internet Explorer 7. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";} · Ensure you?re logged in as · Launch Internet Explorer · Click Page menu > Text Size > Select smallest · Click Page menu > Zoom > 400% · Click Page menu > Text Size > Largest · Scroll around to show text and images · Click Page menu > Zoom > 100% · Click Tools menu > Full Screen · Press F11 to return · Show ALT, then Click Tools > Toolbars > Classic menu · Click Page menu > Text Size > Select smaller

Ease of Access keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts that can help make your computer easier to use. Press this key To do this Right SHIFT for eight seconds Turn Filter Keys on and off Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (or PRTSCRN) Turn High Contrast on or off Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK Turn Mouse Keys on or off SHIFT five times Turn Sticky Keys on or off NUM LOCK for five seconds Turn Toggle Keys on or off Windows logo key +U Open the Ease of Access Center General keyboard shortcuts The following table contains general keyboard shortcuts. Press this key To do this F1 Display Help CTRL+C Copy the selected item CTRL+X Cut the selected item CTRL+V Paste the selected item CTRL+Z Undo an action CTRL+Y Redo an action DELETE Delete the selected item and move it to the Recycle Bin SHIFT+DELETE Delete the selected item without moving it to the Recycle Bin first F2 Rename the selected item CTRL+RIGHT ARROW Move the cursor to the beginning of the next word CTRL+LEFT ARROW Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous word CTRL+DOWN ARROW Move the cursor to the beginning of the next paragraph CTRL+UP ARROW Move the cursor to the beginning of the previous paragraph CTRL+SHIFT with an arrow key Select a block of text SHIFT with any arrow key Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop , or select text within a document CTRL with any arrow key+SPACEBAR Select multiple individual items in a window or on the desktop CTRL+A Select all items in a document or window F3 Search for a file or folder ALT+ENTER Display properties for the selected item ALT+F4 Close the active item, or exit the active program ALT+SPACEBAR Open the shortcut menu for the active window CTRL+F4 Close the active document (in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open simultaneously) ALT+TAB Switch between open items CTRL+ALT+TAB Use the arrow keys to switch between open items CTRL+Mouse scroll wheel Change the size of icons on the desktop Windows logo key +TAB Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D CTRL+Windows logo key +TAB Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D ALT+ESC Cycle through items in the order in which they were opened F6 Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop F4 Display the Address bar list in Windows Explorer SHIFT+F10 Display the shortcut menu for the selected item CTRL+ESC Open the Start menu ALT+underlined letter Display the corresponding menu ALT+underlined letter Perform the menu command (or other underlined command) F10 Activate the menu bar in the active program RIGHT ARROW Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu LEFT ARROW Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu F5 Refresh the active window ALT+UP ARROW View the folder one level up in Windows Explorer ESC Cancel the current task CTRL+SHIFT+ESC Open Task Manager SHIFT when you insert a CD Prevent the CD from automatically playing Dialog box keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for use in dialog boxes. Press this key To do this CTRL+TAB Move forward through tabs CTRL+SHIFT+TAB Move back through tabs TAB Move forward through options SHIFT+TAB Move back through options ALT+underlined letter Perform the command (or select the option) that goes with that letter ENTER Replaces clicking the mouse for many selected commands SPACEBAR Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box Arrow keys Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons F1 Display Help F4 Display the items in the active list BACKSPACE Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box Microsoft keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for use with Microsoft keyboards. Press this key To do this Windows logo key Open or close the Start menu Windows logo key +PAUSE Display the System Properties dialog box Windows logo key +D Display the desktop Windows logo key +M Minimize all windows Windows logo key +SHIFT+M Restore minimized windows to the desktop Windows logo key +E Open Computer Windows logo key +F Search for a file or folder CTRL+Windows logo key +F Search for computers (if you are on a network ) Windows logo key +L Lock your computer or switch users Windows logo key +R Open the Run dialog box Windows logo key +T Cycle through programs on the taskbar Windows logo key +TAB Cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D CTRL+Windows logo key +TAB Use the arrow keys to cycle through programs on the taskbar by using Windows Flip 3-D Windows logo key +SPACEBAR Bring all gadgets to the front and select Windows Sidebar Windows logo key +G Cycle through Sidebar gadgets Windows logo key +U Open Ease of Access Center Windows logo key +X Open Windows Mobility Center Windows logo key with any number key Open the Quick Launch shortcut that is in the position that corresponds to the number. For example, Windows logo key +1 to launch the first shortcut in the Quick Launch menu. Windows Explorer keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Windows Explorer windows or folders. Press this key To do this CTRL+N Open a new window END Display the bottom of the active window HOME Display the top of the active window F11 Maximize or minimize the active window NUM LOCK+ASTERISK (*) on numeric keypad Display all subfolders under the selected folder NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN (+) on numeric keypad Display the contents of the selected folder NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN (-) on numeric keypad Collapse the selected folder LEFT ARROW Collapse the current selection (if it is expanded), or select the parent folder ALT+LEFT ARROW View the previous folder RIGHT ARROW Display the current selection (if it is collapsed), or select the first subfolder ALT+RIGHT ARROW View the next folder CTRL+Mouse scroll wheel Change the size and appearance of file and folder icons ALT+D Select the Address bar Windows Sidebar keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Windows Sidebar. Press this key To do this Windows logo key +SPACEBAR Bring all gadgets to the front and select Sidebar Windows logo key +G Cycle through Sidebar gadgets TAB Cycle through Sidebar controls Windows Photo Gallery keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with Windows Photo Gallery. Press this key To do this CTRL+F Open the Fix pane CTRL+P Print the selected picture ENTER View the selected picture at a larger size CTRL+I Open or close the Details pane CTRL+PERIOD (.) Rotate the picture clockwise CTRL+COMMA (,) Rotate the picture counter-clockwise F2 Rename the selected item CTRL+E Search for an item ALT+LEFT ARROW Go back ALT+RIGHT ARROW Go forward PLUS SIGN (+) Zoom in or resize the picture thumbnail MINUS SIGN (-) Zoom out or resize the picture thumbnail CTRL+Mouse scroll wheel Change the size of the picture thumbnail CTRL+B Best fit LEFT ARROW Select the previous item DOWN ARROW Select the next item or row UP ARROW Previous item (Easel) or previous row (Thumbnail) PAGE UP Previous screen PAGE DOWN Next screen HOME Select the first item END Select the last item DELETE Move the selected item to the Recycle Bin SHIFT+DELETE Permanently delete the selected item LEFT ARROW Collapse node RIGHT ARROW Expand node Keyboard shortcuts for working with videos J Move back one frame K Pause the playback L Move forward one frame I Set the start trim point O Set the end trim point M Split a clip HOME Stop and rewind all the way back to the start trim point ALT+RIGHT ARROW Advance to the next frame ALT+LEFT ARROW Go back to the previous frame CTRL+K Stop and rewind playback CTRL+P Play from the current location HOME Move the start trim point END Move to the end trim point PAGE UP Seek to nearest split point before the current location PAGE DOWN Seek to nearest split point after the current location Windows Help viewer keyboard shortcuts The following table contains keyboard shortcuts for working with the Help viewer. Press this key To do this ALT+C Display the Table of Contents ALT+N Display the Connection Settings menu F10 Display the Options menu ALT+LEFT ARROW Move back to the previously viewed topic ALT+RIGHT ARROW Move forward to the next (previously viewed) topic ALT+A Display the customer support page ALT+HOME Display the Help and Support home page HOME Move the to beginning of a topic END Move to the end of a topic CTRL+F Search the current topic CTRL+P Print a topic F3 Move to the Search box

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